Appendix: Notes for Civilian Dead

Civilian Dead End Notes

These notes were meant for the book manuscript. That manuscript was heavily cited. While there is no correlation to any particular statement on the blog, it will give the researcher a starting point on the topic.


Endnotes:
1. There is no agreed upon number of civilians who died. The range is between 35 and 71. The National Park Service lists 48 civilian dead at the Peal Harbor Memorial. See Appendix for list of Civilian Dead. See also: Hawaii War Records Depository Catalog No. 12, dated January 15, 1950.
2. Honolulu Star Bulletin, December 7, 1941, 2nd Extra, p. 1.
3. Honolulu Star Bulletin, December 7, 1941, 3rd Extra, p. 1
4. The Honolulu Star Bulletin’s December 9, 1941 headline was “Food Stores Open Tomorrow.” The Honolulu Advertiser did not publish a newspaper on December 7, 1941 due to jammed presses. (See: Chapter “The Press” and Honolulu Advertiser, December 8, 1941, p. 1)
5. University of Hawai`i at Manoa. Ethnic Studies Oral History Project. Kalihi: A Place of Transition. Honolulu: Social Science Research Institute, University of Hawai`i at Manoa, p. 934-958. Tape Number 11-14-1-83, Interview by Michiko Kodama, December 29, 1983.
6. Ibid. Tape Number 11-16-2-84, Interview by, by Michiko Kodama, January 5, 1984.
7. (www.gonebutnotforgotten.homestead.com/CivilianStory~ie4.html
8. http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/specials/pearlharbor60/chapter3.html
9. http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/specials/pearlharbor60/chapter3.htm Levi Faufata joined the Army and was stationed in Japan during the post-war occupation. Several years later, on August 21, 1958, he and his two sons, Omar 6 and Bruce, 4, were fishing in a rowboat 200 yards offshore of Middle Lock. They had fished there before. On that day, their boat was struck broadside by a 56-foot Navy landing craft. Neither Omar nor Levi was hurt; Bruce was killed instantly. Faufata says he doesn’t dwell on the association. He says, “Mainly, I only feel sorrow.” http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/specials/pearlharbor60/chapter3.html
10. http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/specials/pearlharbor60/chapter5.html
11. In May 1941, Nancy’s father, Charlie Qiyu Arakaki, took his daughters, June and Alice and his son, Henry to Japan to continue their education. Charlie Arakaki owned a trucking business and sold vegetables to several Army bases. Mr. Arakaki was interned at Camp Honouliuli on O`ahu. After the war, Arakaki was released and the three children returned from Japan. (Henry was injured during a bombing of Tokyo.) It was upon their return that they learned of Nancy’s death. www.gonebutnotforgotten.homestead.com/CivilianStory~ie4.html; Honolulu Advertiser, August 28, 1995, p. 1.
12. www.gonebutnotforgotten.homestead.com/CivilianStory~ie4.html
13. Interview with Miss K. Higa HRWD, 50
14. Honolulu Star Bulletin, December 9, 1941, p. 10
15. http://ejmas.com/jcs/jcsart­_svinth1_1200.htm
16. Honolulu Star Bulletin, December 9, 1941, p. 10; Honolulu Star Bulletin, December 8, 1941, p. 18
17. Hilo Tribune Herald, December 5, 1955; Honolulu Star Bulletin. December 9, 1941, p.1; http://www.gonebutnotforgotten.homestead.com/CivilianStory~ie4.html
18. www.gonebutnotforgotten.homestead.com/CivilianStory~ie4.html; http://ejmas.com/jcs/jcsart­_svinth1_1200.htm
19. www.gonebutnotforgotten.homestead.com/CivilianStory~ie4.html
20. www.gonebutnotforgotten.homestead.com/CivilianStory~ie4.html
21. Diary of Toriachi Kagihara, HRWD, UH
22. www.gonebutnotforgotten.homestead.com/CivilianStory~ie4.html
23. Mayor Petrie presented the widow of each firefighter with $2000 compensation and a citation from praising her husband’s bravery. The citation read: “Bravery far beyond the call of duty amid a rain of bombs and under withering machine gun attack in an effort to save…and protect…the lives of the people.” (Honolulu Advertiser April 21, 1943, p, 3)
24. Cornelia Fort subsequently joined the Women’s Air Ferry Service and was the first pilot to die in service. Fort’s encounter with a Japanese Zero on the morning of December 7, 1941 has been fictionalized in the movie, “Tora! Tora! Tora!” (http://www.wwii-women-pilots.org/WASP_KIA.38KIA.html) See also: Military Chapter.
25. The Honolulu Star Bulletin, December 7, 1941, 2nd Edition, p. 1 refers to a man killed in front of the Schumann Carriage Dealership [opposite from Washington Place] when the window was shattered. He was identified as Patrick J. Chong of 1457 Fort Street. However, Peter K. Chong is listed as being killed at the home of Eunice Wilson. . The December 8, 1941, Honolulu Star Bulletin, also lists Patrick Chong as the deceased.
26. Arakaki, Leatrice R. and John R. Kuborn. 7 December 1941: The Air Force Story. Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii: 1991, p. 161-176.
27. Kushi Kida, age 25, 55 Cunha Lane, right index finger amputated from bullet. Brought to sampan wharf by U.S. Navy; Riyoro Okoji, age 56, 1349 River Street, brought to sampan wharf by U.S. Navy; Mataichi Ogawa, age 35, 510 Ohui Lane, machine gunned on sampan on high seas, disemboweled; brought to sampan wharf by U.S. Navy. (Information taken from Office of Civilian Defense, Fingerprinting Cards at Kawaiahao Church.)
28. Ibid. The Hawaii Chinese Journal. December 11, 1941. “Unfortunately, we look like the Japanese. We must be on the alert for enemy spies, saboteurs and parachutists, but we must also guard against overzealous unwarranted defense measures against friendly civilians.” The evening of December 7, there were rumors of invading Japanese troops parachuting into the St. Louis and Nu`uanu areas.
29. http://www.nps.gov/usar/PHcas.html December 7, 1941—The Day the Honolulu Fire Department Went to War. John E. Bowen, p. 126 Hawaiian Journal of History, Vol. 13, 1979. the Honolulu Fire Department responded to assist with fires raging at Hickam Field. At 0826 a Japanese aerial bomb was dropped on crews from Engine Co.1, 4, and 6. 3 firefighters, Cpatain John Carreira, Captain Thomas S. Macy, and Hoseman Harry T.L. Pang were killed. An additional 6 were wounded from shrapnel. They were Lieutenant Fred Kealoha, Hoseman Moses Kalilikane, Hoseman John A. Gilman, Hoseman Solomon H. Naauao, Hoseman Patrick J. McCabe, and Hoseman George Correa. In 1944 they all were awarded the Order of the Purple Heart. They are the only civilian firefighters to have received this award.

Then, in 1943 Mayor Petrie presented the widow of each firefighter with $2000 compensation and a citation from praising her husband’s bravery. The citation read: “Bravery far beyond the call of duty amid a rain of bombs and under withering machine gun attack in an effort to save…and protect…the lives of the people.” (Honolulu Advertiser April 21, 1943, p, 3)